Govind Vidhyarthi
Date: 14th August, 1947
Time: Midnight 12 O’Clock
Place: Raj
Bhawan, Central Headquarters of Communist Party of India, Sandhurst Road,
Bombay.
In the Common Room situated on
the 2nd floor of the building was a vast gathering of leading poets,
writers, political and tread union leaders. A grand Mushaira was in progress.
Participating poets including Josh Malihabadi, Majaz Lucknawi, Sahir Ludhianvi,
Ali Sardar Jaffri, Majrooh Sultanpuri, Kaifi Azmi, Niaz Hyder and many more.
Among the writers were Sajjad Zaheer, Krishan Chander, Rajendra Singh Bedi,
Sibte Hasan and others.
Facade of the building was
decorated with flags and festoons. On the road below a vast concourse of people
had gathered carrying large posters depicting important scenes of our freedom
struggle specially prepared by artists Chittaprasad and Jambhekar. In the
forefront of the crowd were the member of the Central Squad of the IPTA and the
members of the Marathi Squad (Lal Bavta Kalapathak). They were standing on the
spot where a little over a year ago during the uprising of the Royal Indian
Navy Ratings, the British has mounted machine guns to shoot down the general
public who had demonstrated their support to the revolt. This very Sandhurst innumerable
processions of patriots on their way to attend political meetings on Chowpati
sands.
The crowd on this particular day
had swelled to reach the length of road almost up to Prathana Samaj crossing.
They were all listening to the eve of Independance Mushaira going on inside the
Raj Bhawan on loud speakers.
At 12 O’clock in the night when
the siren heralded the dawn of a new era the Mushaira broke off and a tumultuous
ovation rent the air which continued for quite some time. In the midst of this
ovation Shahir Amar Sheikh’s stentorian voice rose above the tumult when he
began his new song written for the occasion:
Hind Sangha Rajyachya Vijayi
Atmya Ghei Pranam
Paradhin Jagatachya Vijayi
Neta Ghei Pranam
Members of Marathi squad was
joined by hundreds in full throated singing of this song. Yet another song rent
the air this time sung by Prem Dhawan of the Central Squad of the IPTA:
Jhoom Jhoom Ke Naacho Aaj
Gaao Man Ke Geet
which also was written for the
occasion. Members of the Central Squad joined by poets and writers and hundreds
of others took up the refrain and began dancing on the road. After a while led
by the two squads of IPTA-singers and dancers, the whole crowd went round the
city in the mighty procession till the early hours of the morning.
For IPTA this event was a
land-mark in its glorious history. It was an occasion to rejoice. During the
course of the last few years its members had traversed the country with their
songs and dances rousing the people for united struggle for freedom, for defending
the interests of the people and for achieving communal unity.
It had all began from the eastern
region of the united Bengal. Faced with an imminent danger of Japanese invasion
a few patriotic youth in Rangpur district led by Benoy Roy banded together to
rouse the people against the danger:
Benoy composed his famous song:
Hoi Hoi Hoi Japan Oi!
Aiche Bujhi Amar Tarit
Bero Gayer Guerilla Jawan!
In the Sylhet area of East Bengal
Hemango Biswas composed a series of patriotic songs and organised a group of
singers. His songs spread in the whole region. One of them I remember was:
Kastatare Diyo Jore Shan
Kisan
Bhaire
Kastatare
Diyo Jore Shan!
These and many other songs echoed
in the villages of Bengal awakening the people to unite and defend the country.
The powerful song movement
reached Calcutta. The strains of “Hoi Hoi Hoi” sung by Benoy Roy attracted
Batukda (Jytindrindra Moitra, a poet and composer trained in classical music
and Rabindra Sangeet) to the group which was singing selected patriotic songs of
Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam. The group was joined by well known
singers like George Biswas (Debabrota Biswas), Hemanta Kumar, Suchitra Mitra,
Salil Choudhury and others.
Came Bengal Famine, the greatest
man-made human tragedy. Seeing the death and destitution in the streets of
Calcutta where thousands has migrated from the famine stricken villages,
Batukda composed his well known opera NABA JIBANER GAAN, an inspiring musical
composition exhorting people not to give in to despair but to face and fight
against the calamity. Led by himself and Suchitra Mitra a group of singers were
to perform this opera all over Bengal and outside.
Benoy Roy’s group took up an Urdu
poem, an inspiring call to the countrymen to come to the rescue of the famine
stricken people of Bengal written by Wamiq Jaunpuri:
Suno Hind ke Rahanewalo
Suno Suno
Tum Hindu Ho, Ya
Muslim Ho
Aurat Mard Amir Faqir
Sabhi Suno Suno
Azadi Ka Jhanda Jisne
Uncha Rakha Hai
Dushman Ke Muqabil Jisne
Maidan Liya Hai
Vo Hindustan Ke Purab Duare
Bengal Ke Insan
Bhook Se Ladkar
Kar Rahe Hain
Zindagi Qurban
Suno Suno Suno Suno!
The group was soon to travel
round the country with this song as its special number and collect thousands of
rupees for famine relief. I distinctly remember a performance by this group in
those days at the Sport Maidan near Charni Road Station in Bombay. Hundreds of
people had gathered to witness the cultural programme. A soulful rendering of
the song by Reba Roy (now Roychoudhry) in her mellifluous voice had brought the
large audience to tears. And then the well known Thespian, Prithviraj Kapur had
got up from the audience. Spreading his shawl he went round collecting
contributions! Wamiq’s other poem “Bhooka Hai Bengal Re Sathi” was also sung by
the group.
Another fighting song of this
group was the one on the hanging of the four young kisan leaders of Kerala.
Mandathil Appu, Kunhambu Nair, Chirukandan and Abu Bakar, despite the
countrywide campaign for their wrote the song:
Phirayiya De De De Moder
Kayyur Bandhudere
Malabarer Krishak Santan
Tara Krishak Sabhar
Chhilo Pran
Amar Hoiya Rohibe Tara
Desher Desher Antare
Expressing the anger for not
being able to save their lives the song concluded with a clarion call to build
a mass movement which will throw up thousands of fighting heroes like the
Kayyur ones.
In Punjab a series of patriotic
songs were written by Sheila Bhatia who also organised a group to sing them.
Sarala Gupta (now Sharma) organised a mass singer group in Delhi. In U.P. Khem
Singh Nagar in Hathras, Rajendra Raghuvanshi in Agra, also organised singing
groups. Similar Groups sprung in Andhra, Kerala and other areas centred round
the struggle of peasants and workers. In Bombay Suhasini Jambhekar taught a
Group of singers patriotic songs composed by her brother Harin Chattopadhyaya.
This was the group to which poet Makhdoom taught his new composition:
Yeh, Jang Hai Jange Azaadi
Azadi ke Parcham ke Tale
Ham Hind ke Rahnevalonki
Mahkumonki Mazloomonki
Azadi ke Matavalonki
Dehkanon ki Mazdooronki
Yeh Jang Hai Jang-e-Azadi
This was soon to become the song
of the whole nation.
Another group the Marathi squad
known as the Lal Bavta Kala Pathak was formed in Bombay under the leadership of
Amar Sheikh, a poet, composer and a singer of exceptional tenor. The members of
this group included gifted poets and artists like Anna Bhau Sathe, Gawankar and
Usha Urdhwarshe. They toured cities and villages in Maharashtra and also
various places out side rousing people for fighting for their demands along
with their fight for freedom.
In course of time all these
Groups jointed the IPTA movement. A landmark in the Cultural movement was the
formation in Bombay of what came to be known as the Central Squad of IPTA. With
Binoy Ray as its leader, Shanti Bardhan as its dance-director and Pandit Ravi
Shankar as its music director, the squad had as its rich repertory of powerful
dance and music numbers toured the length and breadth of the country. It may be
mentioned here that what is now a National Song. Poet Iqbal’s composition ‘Sare
Jahan se Achha Hindustan Hamara’ was set to music by Ravi Shankar for the
Central Squad and as such widely popularised by the IPTA long before we
attained freedom. Priti Sarkar’s (now Bannerjee) rendering of this song still
unequalled.
The significant contribution made
by IPTA movement to the cultural renaissance in the country and its impact on
the present day cultural scenario has been acknowledged by historians. However
adequate stress has not been laid on the role played by it in our country’s
struggle for freedom. A casual look at the programmes that the Central Squad
presented during freedom struggle will convince everyone hoe sensitive the IPTA
movement was to the burning issues which confronted the people at various
stages. Apart from mass singing of patriotic songs which again was IPTA’s
contribution to the country’s Cultural movement the Central squad had gone
round the country with the following Ballets, the very titles of them speak
for themselves.
The Spirit of
India
India Immortal
Bhookha Bengal
Communal Riots
New Village
Grow more Food
Kashmir State
Peoples’ Struggle and
RIN Mutiny,
etc.
The last one had highlighted the
significant role played by the unsung heroes of Naval uprising who had risen in
revolt against the British in 1946. Was it not a fact that when ‘Quit India
Movement’ of August 9, 1942 had resolved into negotiations it was the revolt of
the Naval Ratings hoisting on their ship the flags of Congress and League along
with the Red Flag that, forced the British to finally quit India?
Thus the saga of the glorious
role played by IPTA during our freedom struggle will inspire us to re-dedicate
ourselves to fight against divisive and destructive forces rearing their heads
in our country even after forty years of our independance.